It's taken the work of many programmers to turn computers into something we carry in our pockets, and here are five (technically 10!) that we think you should be aware of.
Hosted by: Rose Bear Don't Walk
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Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporters for helping us keep SciShow free for everyone forever:
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https://www.seas.upenn.edu/about/history-heritage/eniac/
https://www.thenmusa.org/armyinnovations/innovationeniaccomputer/
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00049
https://www.theguardian.com/careers/2018/jul/24/meet-the-female-codebreakers-of-bletchley-park
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/13/magazine/women-coding-computer-programming.html
https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2014/10/06/345799830/the-forgotten-female-programmers-who-created-modern-tech
https://www.arl.army.mil/who-we-are/history/computing-history/
https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-03-30/finding-forgotten-women-who-programmed-world-s-first-electronic-computer
https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/tech-history/dawn-of-electronics/untold-history-of-ai-invisible-woman-programmed-americas-first-electronic-computer
http://eniacprogrammers.org/
http://wit.library.cornell.edu/show.html?id=47
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/cobol-remains-alive-and-well-despite-its-age/
https://www.computer.org/profiles/frances-allen
https://www.clear.rice.edu/comp512/Lectures/Papers/1971-allen-catalog.pdf
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/390013.808479
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5390666
https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/allen_1012327.cfm
https://news.yale.edu/2017/02/10/grace-murray-hopper-1906-1992-legacy-innovation-and-service
https://www.ithistory.org/honor-roll/dr-kathleen-booth-nee-britten
https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/remembering-eniac-and-the-women-who-programmed-it/
https://academic.oup.com/comjnl/article/5/3/177/424329
https://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?id=652
https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/data/gb133-nahc/boo/nahc/boo/c
https://alltogether.swe.org/2019/06/the-programming-pioneers-of-eniac/
https://www.jstor.org/stable/25147356?seq=1
https://www.thehenryford.org/explore/blog/new-acquisition-linc-computer-console
http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp12/lap6-dial/DEC-12-ADRMA-A-D_PDP-12_LAP6-DIAL_Programmers_Reference_Manual.pdf
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=26QPDBe-NB8
https://lambda.uta.edu/cse5317/notes/node3.html
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1809.02161.pdf
Image Sources
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ENIAC-changing_a_tube.jpg
https://www.storyblocks.com/video/stock/walking-and-browsing-information-on-smart-phone-writing-messages-and-using-app-on-the-smartphone-stgfneatnmjo4bjjei
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ARL_ENIAC_01.png
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ENIAC_Penn1.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:World%27s_First_Computer,_the_Electronic_Numerical_Integrator_and_Calculator_(ENIAC).gif
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/programming-code-abstract-technology-background-of-software-developer-and-computer-gm1224500457-360073975
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hollerith_Electronic_Computer1_Prototype.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Punched_card_program_deck.agr.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PDP-12_VCF_2001.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Grace_Murray_Hopper,_in_her_office_in_Washington_DC,_1978,_%C2%A9Lynn_Gilbert.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Museum_of_Science,_Boston,_MA_-_IMG_3163.JPG
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Museum_of_Science,_Boston,_MA_-_IMG_3163.JPG
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/computer-code-gm186886217-10589962
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Allen_mg_2545-b.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IBM_7030-CNAM_22480-IMG_5115-gradient.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Holberton#/media/File:Betty_Holberton.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/KayMcNultyAlyseSnyderSisStumpDifferentialAnalyzer.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Teitelbaum#/media/File:Reprogramming_ENIAC.png
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Two_women_operating_ENIAC.gif
Hosted by: Rose Bear Don't Walk
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
----------
Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow
----------
Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporters for helping us keep SciShow free for everyone forever:
Chris Peters, Matt Curls, Kevin Bealer, Jeffrey Mckishen, Jacob, Christopher R Boucher, Nazara, charles george, Christoph Schwanke, Ash, Silas Emrys, KatieMarie Magnone, Eric Jensen, Adam Brainard, Piya Shedden, Alex Hackman, James Knight, GrowingViolet, Drew Hart, Sam Lutfi, Alisa Sherbow, Jason A Saslow
----------
Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow
Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com
Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow
----------
https://www.seas.upenn.edu/about/history-heritage/eniac/
https://www.thenmusa.org/armyinnovations/innovationeniaccomputer/
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00049
https://www.theguardian.com/careers/2018/jul/24/meet-the-female-codebreakers-of-bletchley-park
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/13/magazine/women-coding-computer-programming.html
https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2014/10/06/345799830/the-forgotten-female-programmers-who-created-modern-tech
https://www.arl.army.mil/who-we-are/history/computing-history/
https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-03-30/finding-forgotten-women-who-programmed-world-s-first-electronic-computer
https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/tech-history/dawn-of-electronics/untold-history-of-ai-invisible-woman-programmed-americas-first-electronic-computer
http://eniacprogrammers.org/
http://wit.library.cornell.edu/show.html?id=47
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/cobol-remains-alive-and-well-despite-its-age/
https://www.computer.org/profiles/frances-allen
https://www.clear.rice.edu/comp512/Lectures/Papers/1971-allen-catalog.pdf
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/390013.808479
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5390666
https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/allen_1012327.cfm
https://news.yale.edu/2017/02/10/grace-murray-hopper-1906-1992-legacy-innovation-and-service
https://www.ithistory.org/honor-roll/dr-kathleen-booth-nee-britten
https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/remembering-eniac-and-the-women-who-programmed-it/
https://academic.oup.com/comjnl/article/5/3/177/424329
https://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?id=652
https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/data/gb133-nahc/boo/nahc/boo/c
https://alltogether.swe.org/2019/06/the-programming-pioneers-of-eniac/
https://www.jstor.org/stable/25147356?seq=1
https://www.thehenryford.org/explore/blog/new-acquisition-linc-computer-console
http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp12/lap6-dial/DEC-12-ADRMA-A-D_PDP-12_LAP6-DIAL_Programmers_Reference_Manual.pdf
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=26QPDBe-NB8
https://lambda.uta.edu/cse5317/notes/node3.html
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1809.02161.pdf
Image Sources
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ENIAC-changing_a_tube.jpg
https://www.storyblocks.com/video/stock/walking-and-browsing-information-on-smart-phone-writing-messages-and-using-app-on-the-smartphone-stgfneatnmjo4bjjei
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ARL_ENIAC_01.png
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ENIAC_Penn1.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:World%27s_First_Computer,_the_Electronic_Numerical_Integrator_and_Calculator_(ENIAC).gif
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/programming-code-abstract-technology-background-of-software-developer-and-computer-gm1224500457-360073975
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hollerith_Electronic_Computer1_Prototype.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Punched_card_program_deck.agr.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PDP-12_VCF_2001.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Grace_Murray_Hopper,_in_her_office_in_Washington_DC,_1978,_%C2%A9Lynn_Gilbert.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Museum_of_Science,_Boston,_MA_-_IMG_3163.JPG
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Museum_of_Science,_Boston,_MA_-_IMG_3163.JPG
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/computer-code-gm186886217-10589962
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Allen_mg_2545-b.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IBM_7030-CNAM_22480-IMG_5115-gradient.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Holberton#/media/File:Betty_Holberton.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/KayMcNultyAlyseSnyderSisStumpDifferentialAnalyzer.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Teitelbaum#/media/File:Reprogramming_ENIAC.png
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Two_women_operating_ENIAC.gif
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