The Mysterious Origins of the Nucleus

This episode is brought to you by the Music for Scientists album! Stream the album on major music services here: https://streamlink.to/music-for-scientists. Check out “The Idea” music video here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tUyT94aGmbc.

The cell nucleus is crucial to multicellular life, so you think science would have a good idea how it evolved. The truth is, we don't, but Scientists do have some theories, including invading giant viruses!

Hosted by: Stefan Chin

SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
----------
Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow
----------
Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporters for helping us keep SciShow free for everyone forever:

Silas Emrys, Charles Copley, Drew Hart, Jeffrey Mckishen, James Knight, Christoph Schwanke, Jacob, Matt Curls, Christopher R Boucher, Eric Jensen, Lehel Kovacs, Adam Brainard, Greg, GrowingViolet, Ash, Laura Sanborn, Sam Lutfi, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, charles george, Alex Hackman, Chris Peters, Kevin Bealer

----------
Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow
Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com
Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow
----------
Sources:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/prokaryote
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9841/#:~:text=The%20eukaryotes%20developed%20at%20least,billion%20years%20of%20prokaryotic%20evolution.
https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/beyond-prokaryotes-and-eukaryotes-planctomycetes-and-cell-14158971/
https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.3732/ajb.1500196#:~:text=Nuclear%20endosymbiotic%20theories%20hold%20that,in%20a%20single%20prokaryotic%20lineage.&text=vesicles%20within%20the%20original%20cell%20body
https://study.com/academy/answer/compare-and-contrast-the-theories-of-endosymbiosis-and-invagination-and-the-supporting-evidence-for-each.html
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4571569/
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2014.0330
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21113
https://www.biomedcentral.com/about/press-centre/science-press-releases/28-oct-2014
https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12915-014-0076-2
https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12915-014-0076-2
https://www.popsci.com/best-neuroscience-images-2017/
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1916-6
https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/35/eabb7258
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168170220310753
https://www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro.2016.197
https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/please-welcome-megavirus-the-worlds-most-ginormous-virus
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6563228/
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.571831/full#B24
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7329290/
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.571831/full#B24
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/355/6321/194
https://www.quantamagazine.org/did-viruses-create-the-nucleus-the-answer-may-be-near-20201125
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.571831/full#B24
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168170220310753
https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/02/oh-look-ton-giant-viruses-inside-your-mouth/606763/

Image Sources:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HeLa_cells_stained_with_Hoechst_33258.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=66632854
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Microscopy_characterization_and_lipid_composition_of_MK-D1.webp
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1916-6
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Electron_microscopic_image_of_a_mimivirus_-_journal.ppat.1000087.g007_crop.png
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bovine_Pulmonary_Artery_Endothelial_Cells_Fluorescent_Image_2.jpg